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Tomcat shells

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Tomcat shells

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Web shells memory write up

WIN-CEKM08E74HR-20150611-222930.raw

All I know is that this dump is from a machine running a web server which has been compromised. I don't know how it was compromised, nor do I have any other details about the server itself.

Identify the OS profile Set environment variable 'mem' to /mnt/volatility/DF/WIN-CEKM08E74HR-20150611-222930.raw

$ cd /root/volatility
$ mem=/mnt/volatility/DF/WIN-CEKM08E74HR-20150611-222930.raw
$ python vol.py -f $mem imageinfo

Volatility results

Volatility Foundation Volatility Framework 2.6.1
INFO    : volatility.debug    : Determining profile based on KDBG search...
          Suggested Profile(s) : VistaSP1x86, Win2008SP1x86, Win2008SP2x86, VistaSP2x86
                     AS Layer1 : IA32PagedMemory (Kernel AS)
                     AS Layer2 : FileAddressSpace (/mnt/volatility/DF/WIN-CEKM08E74HR-20150611-222930.raw)
                      PAE type : No PAE
                           DTB : 0x122000L
                          KDBG : 0x8190ac98L
          Number of Processors : 1
     Image Type (Service Pack) : 2
                KPCR for CPU 0 : 0x8190b800L
             KUSER_SHARED_DATA : 0xffdf0000L
           Image date and time : 2015-06-11 22:29:32 UTC+0000
     Image local date and time : 2015-06-11 18:29:32 -0400

Would be reasonable to assume it will be Win2008 based on the 'web server' part of the challenge.

Processes of interest;

Server appears to be a Windows 2008 box running Tomcat7. Pull network information

Looks like this server is listening on 192.168.56.30. There's a remote connection associated with PID 1728 / Tomcat7.exe This PID is also the PPID for numerous cmd.exe

Let's run pstree to see the family (could also run pstree -v)

Dump Tomcat PID memory (1728)

Strings output 1728.dmp to readable

Looking for shells

Let's see when 58.64.141.245 first accessed the web server.

Let's focus on the activity around 'GET /webfiles'

Authorisation is base64. Let's decode it.

Found interesting strings in 1728strings.txt

Let's focus on that.

Let's find this shell.

Right. C:\fakepath\12.bat - let's dump this batch script

Examine 12.bat

pstree verbose

Let's determine what bg.jpg actually is

https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/b1f233d1eccf366af43ebd62e8f276ba3794c353c3f179b8989798870d07e00b/detectionarrow-up-right

So it's windows credential editor. -e for credentials, -o for output. Review sm.gif

Identifying tasks

Dump security logs to identify who created scheduled task

Renamed file.None.0x831ef6a0.vacb to file.None.0x831ef6a0.vacb.evtx Opened in Event Viewer, refined by ID 4698 (new scheduled task has been created)

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Executive Summary

We have a Tomcat7 installation on a Windows 2008 server. Access was gained with default tomcat credentials (tomcat/tomcat). A file was uploaded which provided SYSTEM level access. Windows Credential Editor (WCE) was uploaded, a scheduled task was created which executed WCE and dumped local credentials into a single file. The attacker downloaded that file remotely, gaining access to the local Administrator account credentials. All attacks took place on 11th June 2015 from the IP 58.64.141.245

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